Select output fields
| Family | Genus | Specific epithet | Specific authority | Infraspecific category | |
| 2C mean1(pg) | 2C mean1(mbp) | 2C range1 pg | |||
| Chromosome number (2n) | Ploidy level | ||||
| Number of 5S signals | Range of 5S signals | Position2 of 5S signals (5S P) | |||
| Number of 45S3 signals | Range of 45S signals | Position2 of 45S signals (45S P) | Arrangement | ||
| Autosome or sex chromosome | 5S chrom. type | ||||
| Sex chrom. number | 45S chrom. type | ||||
| B chromosomes | Ag-NOR | ||||
| Original reference | |||||
Write conditions
| Family Genus Specific epithet | |||||
| Chromosome number from: - Ploidy level from: - |
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1 source: Animal genome size database (http://www.genomesize.com)
2 position refers to interstitial, pericentromeric, distal or occupying whole chromosome arm
3 refers to 45S rDNA (18S-5.8S-26S rRNA genes)
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1. Lui RL, Blanco DR, de Fatima Martinez J, Margarido VP, Venere PC and Moreira Filho O. 2013. The role of chromosomal fusion in the karyotypic evolution of the genus Ageneiosus (Siluriformes: Auchenipteridae). Neotropical Ichthyology 11: 327-334.2. Mazzei F, Ghigliotti L, Lecointre G, Ozouf Costaz C, Coutanceau JP, Detrich W and Pisano E. 2006. Karyotypes of basal lineages in notothenioid fishes: the genus Bovichtus. Polar Biology 29: 1071-1076.3. Gui JF and Zhou L. 2010. Genetic basis and breeding application of clonal diversity and dual reproduction modes in polyploid Carassius auratus gibelio. Science China Life Sciences 53: 409-415.4. Deiana AM, CoLuccia E, Cannas R, Pesci P, Fonnesu A and Salvadori S. 2006. Colocalization of the ribosomal gene families in Conger conger (Anguilliformes, Congridae). Italian Journal of Zoology 73: 1-5.5. de Rosa Santos LV, Foresti F, Wasko AP, Oliveira C and Martins C. 2006. Nucleotide sequence, genomic organization and chromosome localization of 5S rDNA in two species of Curimatidae (Teleostei, Characiformes). Genetics and Molecular Biology 29: 251-256.6. Wen WN, Leon PE and Hague DR. 1974. Multiple gene sites for 5S and 18 + 28S RNA on chromosomes of Glyptotendipes barbipes (Staeger). The Journal of Cell Biology 62: 132-144.7. Poletto AB, Ferreira IA and Martins C. 2010. The B chromosomes of the African cichlid fish Haplochromis obliquidens harbour 18S rRNA gene copies. BMC Genetics 11: 1-8.8. Mamta Singh M and Barman AS. 2012. Chromosome breakages associated with 45S ribosomal DNA sequences in spotted snakehead fish Channa punctatus. Molecular Biology Reports 40: 723-729.9. Peres WAM, Bertollo LAC and Moreira Filho O. 2008. Physical mapping of the 18S and 5S ribosomal genes in nine Characidae species (Teleostei, Characiformes). Genetics and Molecular Biology 31: 222-226.10. Bfiumlein H and Wobus U. 1976. Chromosomal localization of ribosomal 5 S RNA genes in Chironomus thummi by in situ hybridization of iodinated 5S RNA. Chromosoma 57: 199-204.11. Molina WF and Galetti PM. 2002. Robertsonian rearrangements in the reef fish Chromis (Perciformes, Pomacentridae) involving chromosomes bearing 5s rRNA genes. Genetics and Molecular Biology 25: 373-377.12. de Aguilar CT and Galetti PM. 2008. Chromosome mapping of 5S rRNA genes differentiates Brazilian populations of Leporellus vittatus (Anostomidae, Characiformes). Genetics and Molecular Biology 31: 188-194.13. Teruel M, Cabrero J, Perfectti F and Camacho JPM. 2010. B chromosome ancestry revealed by histone genes in the migratory locust. Chromosoma 119: 217-225.14. Ghigliotti L, Mazzei F, Ozouf Costaz C, Christiansen JS, Fevolden SE and Pisano E. 2008. First cytogenetic characterization of the sub-arctic marine fish Mallotus villosus (Müller, 1776), Osmeriformes, Osmeridae. Genetics and Molecular Biology 31: 180-187.15. Elsevier SM and Ruddle FH. 1975. Location of Genes Coding for 18S and 28S Ribosomal RNA within the Genome of Mus musculus. Chromosoma 52: 219-228.16. Colomba MS, Vitturi R, Castriota L, Bertoni R and Libertini A. 2002. FISH mapping of 18S-28S and 5S ribosomal DNA, (GATA)n and (TTAGGG)n telomeric repeats in the periwinkle Melarhaphe neritoides (Prosobranchia, Gastropoda, Caenogastropoda). Heredity 88: 381-384.17. Santos N, Fagundes V, Yonenaga Yassuda Y and de Souza MJ. 2002. Localization of rRNA genes in Phyllostomidae bats reveals silent NORs in Artibeus cinereus. Hereditas 136: 137-143.18. da Silva EL, Piscor D, Ponzeto JM, Centofante L, Alves AL and Parise Maltempi PP. 2012. Cytogenetic characterisation of the ornamental freshwater fish, Piabucus melanostomus (Iguanodectinae) from Brazilian wetlands and its relation with species of Characidae basal group. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries 22: 477-484.19. Caroline G and de Almeida Toledo LF. 2010. Comparative chromosomal analyses in species of the genus Pimelodella (Siluriformes, Heptapteridae): occurrence of structural and numerical polymorphisms. Caryologia 63: 32-40.20. Bombarova M, Marec F, Nguyen P and Spakulova M. 2007. Divergent location of ribosomal genes in chromosomes of fish thorny-headed worms, Pomphorhynchus laevis and Pomphorhynchus tereticollis (Acanthocephala). Genetica 131: 141-149.21. Santos J, Sentis C, Garcia Rodriguez J and Fernandez Piqueras J. 1990. Latent NORs in the species Pycnogaster cucullata (Orthoptera). Heredity 65: 7-10.22. Szabo P, Lee MR, Elder FB and Prensky W. 1978. Localization of 5S RNA and rRNA Genes in the Norway Rat. Chromosoma 65: 161-172.23. Bardella VB, Gaeta ML, Vanzela ALL and Azeredo Oliveira MTV. 2010. Chromosomal location of heterochromatin and 45S rDNA sites in four South American triatomines (Heteroptera: Reduviidae). Comparative Cytogenetics 4: 141-149.24. Hsu TC, Spirito SE, and Pardue ML. 1975. Distribution of 18+28S ribosomal genes in mammalian genomes. Chromosoma 53: 25-36.25. Gross MC, Schneider CH, Valente GT, Martins C and Feldberg E. 2010. Variability of 18S rDNA locus among Symphysodon fishes: chromosomal rearrangements. Journal of Fish Biology 76: 1117-1127.26. Jankun M, Ocalewicz K, Pardo BG, Martinez P, Woznicki P and Sanchez L. 2003. Chromosomal characteristics of rDNA in European grayling Thymallus thymallus (Salmonidae). Genetica 119: 219-224.27. Nardi I, De Lucchini S, Barsacchi Pilone G and Andronico F. 1978. Chromosome location of the ribosomal RNA genes in Triturus vulgaris meridionalis (Amphibia, Urodela) IV. Comparison etween in situ hybridization with 3H 18S + 28S rRNA and AS-SAT staining. Chromosoma 70: 91-99.28. Schweizer D, Mendelak M, White MJD and Contreras N. 1983. Cytogenetics of the parthenogenetic grasshopper Warramaba virgo and its bisexual relatives X. Patterns of fluorescent banding. Chromosoma 88: 227-236.29. Verma J, Lakra WS, Kuswaha B, Sirajuddin M, Nagpure NS and Kumar R. 2011. Characterization of two freshwater silurid catfish using conventional and molecular cytogenetic techniques. Journal of Genetics 90: 319-322.30. Loreto V, Cabrero J, Lopez Leon MD, Camacho JPM and Souza MJ. 2008. Possible autosomal origin of macro B chromosomes in two grasshopper species. Chromosome Research 16: 233-241.31. Hett AK, Nirchio M, Oliveira C, Siccha ZR, Rossi AR and Sola L. 2011. Karyotype characterization of Mugil incilis Hancock, 1830 (Mugiliformes: Mugilidae), including a description of an unusual co-localization of major and minor ribosomal genes in the family. Neotropical Ichthyology 9: 107-112.32. Martins C, Oliveira C, Wasko AP and Wright JM. 2004. Physical mapping of the Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) genome by fluorescent in situ hybridization of repetitive DNAs to metaphase chromosomesâa review. Aquaculture 231: 37-49.33. Noleto RB, Vicari MR, Cipriano RR, Artoni RF and Cestari MM. 2007. Physical mapping of 5S and 45S rDNA loci in pufferfishes (Tetraodontiformes). Genetica 130: 133-138.34. Matoso DA, de Almeida Val VMF, da Silva M, Moraes Neto A, Almeida MC, Vicari MR, Moreira Filho O and Artoni RF. 2011. Chromosomal polymorphism in Steindachneridion melanodermatum Garavello, 2005 (Siluriformes, Pimelodidae): a reappraisal the existence of sex chromosome system in the species. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries 21: 497-508.35. Martinez PA, Jacobina UP and Molina WF. 2011. Comparative cytogenetics and heterochromatic patterns in two species of the genus Acanthostracion (Ostraciidae: Tetraodontiformes). Marine Genomics 4: 215-220.36. Mariotto S, Centofante L, Vicari MR, Artoni RF and Moreira Filho O. 2011. Chromosomal diversification in ribosomal DNA sites in Ancistrus Kner, 1854 (Loricariidae, Ancistrini) from three hydrographic basins of Mato Grosso, Brazil. Comparative Cytogenetics 5: 289-300.37. Matsubara K, Nishida Umehara C, Tsuchiya K, Nukaya D and Matsuda Y. 2004. Karyotypic evolution of Apodemus (Muridae, Rodentia) inferred from comparative FISH analyses. Chromosome Research 12: 383-395.38. Peres WAM, Bertollo LAC, Buckup PA, Blanco DR, Kantek DLZ and Moreira Filho O. 2012. Invasion, dispersion and hybridization of fish associated to river transposition: karyotypic evidence in Astyanax ââbimaculatus groupââ (Characiformes: Characidae). Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries 22: 519-526.39. Fernandes CA and Martins Santos IC. 2006. Mapping of the 18S and 5S ribosomal RNA genes in Astyanax altiparanae Garutti & Britski, 2000 (Teleostei, Characidae) from the upper Paraná river basin, Brazil. Genetics and Molecular Biology 29: 464-468.40. Sczepanski TS, Noleto RB, Kantek DLZ, Cortinhas MCS and Cestari MM. 2007. Classical and molecular cytogenetics of Atherinella brasiliensis (Teleostei, Atheriniformes) from South coast of Brazil. Journal of Fish Biology 71: 453-460.41. Lui RL, Blanco DR, Margarido VP and Moreira Filho O. 2009. First description of B chromosomes in the family Auchenipteridae, Parauchenipterus galeatus (Siluriformes) of the São Francisco River basin (MG, Brazil). Micron 40: 552-559.42. de Fatima Chasko Ribeiro L and Aparecida Fernandez M. 2004. Molecular characterization of the 5S ribosomal gene of the Bradysia hygida (Diptera:Sciaridae). Genetica 122: 253-260.43. Neto AM, da Silva M, Matoso DA, Vicari MR, de Almeida MC, Collares Pereira MJ, and Artoni RF. 2011. Karyotype variability in neotropical catfishes of the family Pimelodidae (Teleostei: Siluriformes). Neotropical Ichthyology 9: 97-105.44. Boron A, Ozouf Costaz C, CoutanceauJP and Woroniecka K. 2006. Gene mapping of 28S and 5S rDNA sites in the spined loach Cobitis taenia (Pisces, Cobitidae) from a diploid population and a diploidâtetraploid population. Genetica 128: 71-79.45. Rossi AR and Gornung E. 2005. Cytogenetic analysis of three Italian populations of Coregonus lavaretus (Pisces, Salmoniformes) with chromosomal localization of major and minor ribosomal genes, and telomeric repeats. Hereditas 142: 15-21.46. Cross I, Diaz E, Sanchez I and Rebordinos L. 2005. Molecular and cytogenetic characterization of Crassostrea angulata chromosomes. Aquaculture 247: 135-144.47. Perazzo G, Noleto RB, Vicari MR, Machado PC, Gava A and Cestari MM. 2011. Chromosomal studies in Crenicichla lepidota and Australoheros facetus (Cichlidae, Perciformes) from extreme Southern Brazil. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries 21: 509-515.48. Rodrigues DS, Rivera M and Lourenço LB. 2012. Molecular organization and chromosomal localization of 5S rDNA in Amazonian Engystomops (Anura, Leiuperidae). BMC Genetics 13: 1-17.49. Scacchetti PC, Pansonato Alves JC, Utsunomia R, Oliveira C and Foresti F. 2011. Karyotypic diversity in four species of the genus Gymnotus Linnaeus, 1758 (Teleostei, Gymnotiformes, Gymnotidae): physical mapping of ribosomal genes and telomeric sequences. Comparative Cytogenetics 5: 223-235.50. Diniz D and Bertollo LAC. 2006. Intra- and inter-individual chromosome variation in Hoplerythrinus unitaeniatus (Pisces, Erythrinidae). A population from the Brazilian São Francisco river basin. Genetics and Molecular Biology 29: 453-458.51. Vitorino CA, Souza IL, Rosa NJ, Valente GT, Martins C and Venere PC. 2011. Molecular cytogenetics and its contribution to the understanding of the chromosomal diversification in Hoplias malabaricus (Characiformes). Journal of Fish Biology 78: 1239-1248.52. de Carvalho RA and Dias AL. 2007. Interindividual size heteromorphism of NOR and chromosomal location of 5S rRNA genes in Iheringichthys labrosus. Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology 50: 141-146.53. Fujiwara A, Fujiwara M, Nishida Umehara C, Abe S and Masaoka T. 2007. Characterization of Japanese flounder karyotype by chromosome bandings and fluorescence in situ hybridization with DNA markers. Genetica 131: 267-274.54. Srikulnath K, Uno Y, Matsubara K, Thongpan A, Suputtitada S, Apisitwanich S, Nishida C and Matsuda Y. 2011. Chromosomal localization of the 18S-28S and 5S rRNA genes and (TTAGGG)n sequences of butterfly lizards (Leiolepis belliana belliana and Leiolepis boehmei, Agamidae, Squamata). Genetics and Molecular Biology 34: 582-586.55. Matsubara K, Nishida Umehara C, Kuroiwa A, Tsuchiya K and Matsuda Y. 2003. Identi¢cation of chromosome rearrangements between the laboratory mouse (Mus musculus) and the Indian spiny mouse (Mus platythrix) by comparative FISH analysis. Chromosome Research 11: 57-64.56. Vitturi R, Colomba MS, Pirrone AM, and Mandrioli M. 2002. rDNA (18S-28S and 5S) Colocalization and Linkage Between Ribosomal Genes and (TTAGGG)n Telomeric Sequence in the Earthworm, Octodrilus complanatus (Annelida: Oligochaeta: Lumbricidae), Revealed by Single- and Double-Color FISH. The Journal of Heredity 93: 279-282.57. Kavalco KF, Rubens Pazza, Luiz A. C. Bertollo and Orlando Moreira Filho. 2005. Molecular cytogenetics of Oligosarcus hepsetus (Teleostei, Characiformes) from two Brazilian locations. Genetica 124: 85-91.58. Bellafronte E, Margarido VP and Moreira Filho O. 2005. Cytotaxonomy of Parodon nasus and Parodon tortuosus (Pisces, Characiformes). A case of synonymy confirmed by cytogenetic analyses. Genetics and Molecular Biology 28: 710-716.59. Insua A, Lopez Pinon MJ, Freire R and Mendez J. 2006. Karyotype and chromosomal location of 18S-28S and 5S ribosomal DNA in the scallops Pecten maximus and Mimachlamys varia (Bivalvia: Pectinidae). Genetica 126: 291-301.60. Wang Y and Guo X. 2004. Chromosomal rearrangement in Pectinidae revealed by rRNA loci and implications for Bivalve evolution. The Biological Bulletin 207: 247-256.61. Perez Garcia C, Cambeiro JM, Moran P and Pasantes JJ. 2010. Chromosomal mapping of rDNAs, core histone genes and telomeric sequences in Perumytilus purpuratus (Bivalvia: Mytilidae). Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 395: 199-205.62. Morescalchi MA, Stingo V and Capriglione T. 2011. Cytogenetic analysis in Polypterus ornatipinnis (Actinopterygii, Cladistia, Polypteridae) and 5S rDNA. Marine Genomics 4: 25-31.63. Terencio ML, Schneider CH, Gross MC, Vicari MR and Feldberg E. 2012. Stable karyotypes: a general rule for the fish of the family Prochilodontidae?. Hydrobiologia 686: 147-156.64. Vicari MR, de Almeida MC, Carlos Bertollo LA, Moreira Filho O and Artoni RF. 2006. Cytogenetic analysis and chromosomal characteristics of the polymorphic 18S rDNA in the fish Prochilodus lineatus (Characiformes, Prochilodontidae). Genetics and Molecular Biology 29: 621-625.65. do Prado FD, Nunes TL, Senhorini JA, Bortolozzi J, Foresti F and Porto Foresti F. 2012. Cytogenetic characterization of F1, F2 and backcross hybrids of the Neotropical catfish species Pseudoplatystoma corruscans and Pseudoplatystoma reticulatum (Pimelodidae, Siluriformes). Genetics and Molecular Biology 35: 57-64.66. Rocco L, Costagliola D, Fiorillo M, Tinti F and Stingo V. 2005. Molecular and chromosomal analysis of ribosomal cistrons in two cartilaginous fish, Taeniura lymma and Raja montagui (Chondrichthyes, Batoidea). Genetica 123: 245-253.67. Garcia C, Oliveira C and Almeida Toledo LF. 2010. Karyotypic evolution trends in Rhamdia quelen (Siluriformes, Heptapteridae) with considerations about the origin and differentiation of its supernumerary chromosomes. 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Nucleotide variation and physical mapping of ribosomal genes using FISH in genus Tor (Pisces, Cyprinidae). Molecular Biology Reports 38: 2637-2647.75. Diniz D, Laudicina A and Bertollo LAC. 2009. Chromosomal location of 18S and 5S rDNA sites in Triportheus fish species (Characiformes, Characidae). Genetics and Molecular Biology 32: 37-41.76. Pansonato Alves JC, Oliveira C and Foresti F. 2011. Karyotypic conservatism in samples of Characidium cf. zebra (Teleostei, Characiformes, Crenuchidae): Physical mapping of ribosomal genes and natural triploidy. Genetics and Molecular Biology 34: 208-213.77. Zhu HP and Gui JF. 2007. Identification of genome organization in the unusual allotetraploid form of Carassius auratus gibelio. Aquaculture 265: 109-117.78. de Oliveira SG, de Cassia de Moura R, Barros e Silva AE and de Souza MJ. 2010. 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Major and 5S ribosomal sequences of the largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides (Perciformes, Centrarchidae) are localized in GC-rich regions of the genome. Chromosome Research 8: 213-218.91. Rossi AR, Gornung E, Sola L and Nirchio M. 2005. Comparative molecular cytogenetic analysis of two congeneric species, Mugil curema and M. liza (Pisces, Mugiliformes), characterized by significant karyotype diversity. Genetica 125: 27-32.92. Zhu HP, Lu MX, Gao FY, Hueng ZH, Yand LP and Gui JF. 2010. Chromosomal localization of rDNA genes and genomic organization of 5S rDNA in Oreochromis mossambicus, O. urolepis hornorum and their hybrid. Journal of Genetics 89: 163-171.93. Jankun M, Ocalewicz K, Pardo BG, Martinez P, Woznicki P and Sanchez L. 2003. Localization of 5S rRNA loci in three coregonid species (Salmonidae). Genetica 119: 183-186.94. Fontana F, Lanfredi M, Kirschbaum F, Garrido Ramos MA, Robles F, Forlani A and Congiu L. 2008. Comparison of karyotypes of Acipenser oxyrinchus and A. sturio by chromosome banding and fluorescent in situ hybridization. Genetica 132: 281-286.95. Tagliavini J, Williot P, Congiu L, Chicca M, Lanfredi M, Rossi R and Fontana F. 1999. Molecular cytogenetic analysis of the karyotype of the European Atlantic sturgeon, Acipenser sturio. Heredity 83: 520-525.96. Bizzaro D, Mandrioli M, Zanotti M, Giusti M and Manicardi GC. 2000. Chromosome analysis and molecular characterization of highly repeated DNAs in the aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum (Aphididae, Hemiptera). Genetica 108: 197-202.97. Insua A, Lopez Pinon MJ, Freire R and Mendez J. 1998. Characterization of Aequipecten opercularis (Bivalvia: Pectinidae) chromosomes by different staining techniques and fluorescent in situ hybridization. Genes & Genetic Systems 73: 193-200.98. Gromicho M, Coelho MM, Alves MJ and Collares Pereira MJ. 2006. Cytogenetic analysis of Anaecypris hispanica and its relationship with the paternal ancestor of the diploid-polyploid Squalius alburnoides complex. Genome 49: 1621-1627.99. da Rosa R, Bellafronte E, Moreira Filho O and Margarido VP. 2006. Constitutive heterochromatin, 5S and 18S rDNA genes in Apareiodon sp. (Characiformes, Parodontidae) with a ZZ/ZW sex chromosome system. Genetica 128: 159-166.100. Puerma E, Acosta MJ, Barragan MJL, Martinez S, Marchal JA, Bullejos M and Sanchez A. 2008. The karyotype and 5S rRNA genes from Spanish individuals of the bat species Rhinolophus hipposideros (Rhinolophidae; Chiroptera). Genetica 134: 287-295.101. ubeda Manzanaro M, Merlo MA, Palazon JL, Cross I, Sarasquete C and Rebordinos L. 2010. Chromosomal mapping of the major and minor ribosomal genes, (GATA)n and U2 snRNA gene by double-colour FISH in species of the Batrachoididae family. Genetica 138: 787-794.102. Huang X, Hu J, Hu X, Zhang C, Zhang L, Wang S, Lu W and Bao Z. 2007. 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